Steam Tables Calculator

Name: Saturated Steam Tables (IAPWS-IF97)
Creator: SimuPipe
License: https://simupipe.com/terms
Keywords: steam tables, saturated steam, IAPWS-IF97, enthalpy, entropy, latent heat, specific volume

Look up thermodynamic properties of water and steam using the IAPWS-IF97 formulation. Saturated properties by temperature or pressure, and superheated steam properties.

Lookup Mode

Temperature Unit

Pressure Unit

Saturation Temperature

°C (valid: 0.00 to 373.9 °C)

Conditions

Temperature100.00 °C

Pressure1.01418 bar

Latent Heat

h_fg (enthalpy)2256.5 kJ/kg

s_fg (entropy)6.04706 kJ/(kg·K)

Saturated Liquid (f)

Specific volume (v_f)0.0010435 m³/kg

Density (ρ_f)958.4 kg/m³

Enthalpy (h_f)419.1 kJ/kg

Entropy (s_f)1.30701 kJ/(kg·K)

Specific heat (c_p)4.2166 kJ/(kg·K)

Saturated Vapor (g)

Specific volume (v_g)1.672 m³/kg

Density (ρ_g)0.5981 kg/m³

Enthalpy (h_g)2675.6 kJ/kg

Entropy (s_g)7.35408 kJ/(kg·K)

Specific heat (c_p)2.0775 kJ/(kg·K)

Steam Tables Reference (IAPWS-IF97)

The full saturated steam tables below are generated from the IAPWS-IF97 industrial formulation — the same engine used by the calculator above. Values follow the temperature and pressure units you select in the controls. Use the by-temperature table when you know the steam temperature, and the by-pressure table when you know the line pressure.

Saturated Steam Table — by Temperature

Saturation pressure plus the saturated liquid (f) and vapour (g) properties at each temperature from the triple point (0 °C) to the critical point (373.95 °C).

°C	bar	h_f	h_fg	h_g	s_f	s_g	v_f	v_g
		kJ/kg	kJ/kg	kJ/kg	kJ/(kg·K)	kJ/(kg·K)	m³/kg	m³/kg
0.00	0.006112	-0.04159	2500.9	2500.9	-0.000155	9.15576	0.0010002	206.140
5.00	0.008726	21.02	2489.1	2510.1	0.07625	9.02486	0.0010001	147.017
10.00	0.01228	42.02	2477.2	2519.2	0.1511	8.89985	0.0010003	106.309
15.00	0.01706	62.98	2465.4	2528.4	0.2245	8.78037	0.0010009	77.881
20.00	0.02339	83.92	2453.5	2537.5	0.2965	8.66612	0.0010018	57.761
25.00	0.03170	104.8	2441.7	2546.5	0.3673	8.55680	0.0010030	43.341
30.00	0.04247	125.7	2429.8	2555.6	0.4368	8.45211	0.0010044	32.882
35.00	0.05629	146.6	2417.9	2564.6	0.5052	8.35182	0.0010060	25.208
40.00	0.07384	167.5	2406.0	2573.5	0.5724	8.25567	0.0010079	19.517
45.00	0.09594	188.4	2394.0	2582.5	0.6386	8.16344	0.0010099	15.253
50.00	0.1235	209.3	2382.0	2591.3	0.7038	8.07491	0.0010121	12.028
55.00	0.1576	230.2	2369.9	2600.1	0.7680	7.98989	0.0010145	9.565
60.00	0.1995	251.2	2357.7	2608.8	0.8312	7.90817	0.0010171	7.668
65.00	0.2504	272.1	2345.4	2617.5	0.8935	7.82960	0.0010199	6.194
70.00	0.3120	293.0	2333.1	2626.1	0.9550	7.75399	0.0010228	5.040
75.00	0.3860	314.0	2320.6	2634.6	1.01560	7.68118	0.0010258	4.129
80.00	0.4741	334.9	2308.1	2643.0	1.07539	7.61102	0.0010290	3.405
85.00	0.5787	355.9	2295.4	2651.3	1.13440	7.54336	0.0010324	2.826
90.00	0.7018	377.0	2282.6	2659.5	1.19266	7.47807	0.0010359	2.359
95.00	0.8461	398.0	2269.6	2667.6	1.25019	7.41502	0.0010396	1.981
100.0	1.01418	419.1	2256.5	2675.6	1.30701	7.35408	0.0010435	1.672
105.0	1.20902	440.2	2243.2	2683.4	1.36317	7.29512	0.0010474	1.418
110.0	1.43376	461.4	2229.7	2691.1	1.41867	7.23805	0.0010516	1.209
115.0	1.69177	482.6	2216.0	2698.6	1.47354	7.18274	0.0010559	1.036
120.0	1.98665	503.8	2202.1	2705.9	1.52782	7.12909	0.0010603	0.89130
125.0	2.32224	525.1	2188.0	2713.1	1.58150	7.07701	0.0010649	0.77011
130.0	2.70260	546.4	2173.7	2720.1	1.63463	7.02641	0.0010697	0.66808
135.0	3.13201	567.8	2159.1	2726.9	1.68722	6.97719	0.0010747	0.58180
140.0	3.61501	589.2	2144.2	2733.4	1.73929	6.92927	0.0010798	0.50852
145.0	4.15635	610.7	2129.1	2739.8	1.79086	6.88258	0.0010850	0.44602
150.0	4.76101	632.3	2113.7	2745.9	1.84195	6.83703	0.0010905	0.39250
155.0	5.43422	653.9	2097.9	2751.8	1.89259	6.79256	0.0010962	0.34650
160.0	6.18139	675.6	2081.9	2757.4	1.94278	6.74910	0.0011020	0.30682
165.0	7.00820	697.3	2065.4	2762.8	1.99255	6.70659	0.0011080	0.27246
170.0	7.92053	719.2	2048.7	2767.9	2.04192	6.66495	0.0011143	0.24262
175.0	8.92447	741.2	2031.6	2772.7	2.09091	6.62413	0.0011207	0.21660
180.0	10.02635	763.2	2014.0	2777.2	2.13954	6.58407	0.0011274	0.19386
185.0	11.23267	785.3	1996.1	2781.4	2.18782	6.54471	0.0011343	0.17392
190.0	12.55018	807.6	1977.7	2785.3	2.23578	6.50600	0.0011414	0.15638
195.0	13.98581	829.9	1958.9	2788.9	2.28343	6.46788	0.0011488	0.14091
200.0	15.54672	852.4	1939.7	2792.1	2.33080	6.43030	0.0011565	0.12722
210.0	19.07391	897.7	1899.6	2797.4	2.42476	6.35652	0.0011727	0.10430
220.0	23.19288	943.6	1857.4	2801.1	2.51782	6.28425	0.0011902	0.086101
230.0	27.96792	990.2	1812.8	2803.0	2.61015	6.21306	0.0012090	0.071510
240.0	33.46652	1037.5	1765.5	2803.1	2.70194	6.14253	0.0012295	0.059710
250.0	39.75939	1085.7	1715.3	2801.0	2.79339	6.07222	0.0012517	0.050087
260.0	46.92071	1134.8	1661.8	2796.6	2.88472	6.00169	0.0012761	0.042175
270.0	55.02839	1185.1	1604.6	2789.7	2.97618	5.93042	0.0013030	0.035622
280.0	64.16459	1236.7	1543.2	2779.8	3.06807	5.85783	0.0013328	0.030154
290.0	74.41643	1289.8	1476.8	2766.6	3.16077	5.78323	0.0013663	0.025557
300.0	85.87708	1344.8	1404.8	2749.6	3.25474	5.70576	0.0014042	0.021663
310.0	98.64746	1402.0	1325.9	2727.9	3.35058	5.62430	0.0014479	0.018339
320.0	112.8386	1462.1	1238.6	2700.7	3.44912	5.53732	0.0014991	0.015476
330.0	128.5752	1525.7	1140.5	2666.2	3.55156	5.44248	0.0015606	0.012984
340.0	146.0018	1594.4	1027.6	2622.1	3.65995	5.33591	0.0016375	0.010784
350.0	165.2916	1670.9	892.7	2563.6	3.77828	5.21089	0.0017401	0.0088009
360.0	186.6640	1760.4	722.6	2483.0	3.91456	5.05587	0.0018895	0.0069608
370.0	210.4337	1871.9	494.3	2366.3	4.08194	4.85052	0.0021228	0.0051793
373.9	220.6400	1923.9	379.4	2303.3	4.15893	4.74524	0.0022462	0.0044529

Saturated Steam Table — by Pressure

Saturation temperature plus the saturated liquid (f) and vapour (g) properties at each pressure up to the critical point (220.64 bar / 22.064 MPa).

°C	bar	h_f	h_fg	h_g	s_f	s_g	v_f	v_g
		kJ/kg	kJ/kg	kJ/kg	kJ/(kg·K)	kJ/(kg·K)	m³/kg	m³/kg
6.97	0.01000	29.30	2484.4	2513.7	0.1059	8.97493	0.0010001	129.183
17.50	0.02000	73.43	2459.5	2532.9	0.2606	8.72272	0.0010014	66.990
24.08	0.03000	101.0	2443.9	2544.9	0.3543	8.57656	0.0010028	45.655
28.96	0.04000	121.4	2432.3	2553.7	0.4224	8.47349	0.0010041	34.792
32.88	0.05000	137.8	2423.0	2560.8	0.4763	8.39391	0.0010053	28.186
36.16	0.06000	151.5	2415.2	2566.7	0.5209	8.32915	0.0010064	23.734
41.51	0.08000	173.9	2402.4	2576.2	0.5925	8.22741	0.0010085	18.099
45.81	0.1000	191.8	2392.1	2583.9	0.6492	8.14889	0.0010103	14.671
53.97	0.1500	225.9	2372.4	2598.3	0.7548	8.00712	0.0010140	10.020
60.06	0.2000	251.4	2357.5	2608.9	0.8320	7.90723	0.0010171	7.648
64.96	0.2500	271.9	2345.5	2617.4	0.8931	7.83016	0.0010198	6.203
69.10	0.3000	289.2	2335.3	2624.6	0.9439	7.76745	0.0010222	5.229
75.86	0.4000	317.6	2318.5	2636.1	1.02590	7.66897	0.0010264	3.993
81.32	0.5000	340.5	2304.7	2645.2	1.09101	7.59296	0.0010299	3.240
85.93	0.6000	359.8	2293.0	2652.9	1.14524	7.53110	0.0010331	2.732
89.93	0.7000	376.7	2282.7	2659.4	1.19186	7.47895	0.0010359	2.365
93.49	0.8000	391.6	2273.5	2665.2	1.23283	7.43389	0.0010385	2.087
96.69	0.9000	405.1	2265.2	2670.3	1.26944	7.39423	0.0010409	1.869
99.61	1.00000	417.4	2257.5	2674.9	1.30256	7.35881	0.0010431	1.694
104.8	1.20000	439.3	2243.8	2683.1	1.36075	7.29763	0.0010473	1.428
109.3	1.40000	458.4	2231.6	2690.0	1.41085	7.24602	0.0010510	1.237
113.3	1.60000	475.3	2220.7	2696.0	1.45494	7.20137	0.0010544	1.091
116.9	1.80000	490.7	2210.7	2701.4	1.49437	7.16203	0.0010576	0.97753
120.2	2.00000	504.7	2201.6	2706.2	1.53010	7.12686	0.0010605	0.88574
127.4	2.50000	535.4	2181.1	2716.5	1.60722	7.05241	0.0010672	0.71870
133.5	3.00000	561.5	2163.4	2724.9	1.67176	6.99157	0.0010732	0.60579
138.9	3.50000	584.3	2147.7	2732.0	1.72747	6.94008	0.0010786	0.52420
143.6	4.00000	604.7	2133.3	2738.1	1.77660	6.89542	0.0010836	0.46239
147.9	4.50000	623.2	2120.2	2743.4	1.82063	6.85595	0.0010882	0.41390
151.8	5.00000	640.2	2107.9	2748.1	1.86060	6.82058	0.0010926	0.37480
158.8	6.00000	670.5	2085.6	2756.1	1.93110	6.75917	0.0011006	0.31558
165.0	7.00000	697.1	2065.6	2762.7	1.99208	6.70698	0.0011080	0.27276
170.4	8.00000	721.0	2047.3	2768.3	2.04599	6.66154	0.0011148	0.24033
175.4	9.00000	742.7	2030.3	2773.0	2.09440	6.62124	0.0011212	0.21487
179.9	10.00000	762.7	2014.4	2777.1	2.13843	6.58498	0.0011272	0.19435
188.0	12.00000	798.5	1985.3	2783.8	2.21630	6.52169	0.0011385	0.16325
195.0	14.00000	830.1	1958.8	2788.9	2.28388	6.46752	0.0011489	0.14077
201.4	16.00000	858.6	1934.3	2792.9	2.34381	6.42002	0.0011587	0.12373
207.1	18.00000	884.6	1911.4	2796.0	2.39779	6.37760	0.0011679	0.11036
212.4	20.00000	908.6	1889.8	2798.4	2.44702	6.33916	0.0011768	0.099581
224.0	25.00000	962.0	1840.1	2802.0	2.55443	6.25597	0.0011974	0.079947
233.9	30.00000	1008.4	1794.9	2803.3	2.64562	6.18579	0.0012167	0.066664
242.6	35.00000	1049.8	1753.0	2802.7	2.72539	6.12451	0.0012350	0.057058
250.4	40.00000	1087.4	1713.5	2800.9	2.79665	6.06971	0.0012526	0.049777
263.9	50.00000	1154.5	1639.7	2794.2	2.92075	5.97370	0.0012864	0.039446
275.6	60.00000	1213.7	1570.8	2784.6	3.02744	5.89007	0.0013193	0.032449
285.8	70.00000	1267.4	1505.1	2772.6	3.12199	5.81463	0.0013519	0.027380
295.0	80.00000	1317.1	1441.5	2758.6	3.20765	5.74485	0.0013847	0.023528
303.3	90.00000	1363.7	1379.2	2742.9	3.28657	5.67901	0.0014181	0.020493
311.0	100.0000	1407.9	1317.6	2725.5	3.36029	5.61589	0.0014526	0.018034
324.7	120.0000	1491.3	1194.3	2685.6	3.49646	5.49412	0.0015263	0.014269
336.7	140.0000	1570.9	1067.2	2638.1	3.62300	5.37305	0.0016097	0.011489
347.4	160.0000	1649.7	931.1	2580.8	3.74568	5.24627	0.0017095	0.0093081
357.0	180.0000	1731.6	778.6	2510.2	3.87097	5.10662	0.0018377	0.0075039
365.7	200.0000	1821.1	600.6	2421.7	4.00599	4.94600	0.0020105	0.0059369
373.9	220.6400	1923.9	379.4	2303.3	4.15893	4.74524	0.0022462	0.0044529

How Accurate Are These Steam Tables?

These tables implement the full IAPWS-IF97 industrial formulation — the international standard adopted for steam-power and process calculations worldwide. The calculator evaluates Region 1 (compressed and saturated liquid), Region 2 (superheated and saturated vapour) and Region 4 (the saturation line) directly, reproducing the standard's published verification values. Enthalpy and entropy use the IAPWS reference state (zero internal energy and entropy for saturated liquid at the triple point, 0.01 °C), which matches conventional steam tables.

Verification points

Saturation temperature computed by this tool at three standard pressures, compared with the IAPWS-IF97 published reference values:

Pressure	Reference T_sat (IAPWS-IF97)	This calculator
0.1 MPa (1 bar)	99.606 °C	99.606 °C
1 MPa (10 bar)	179.886 °C	179.886 °C
10 MPa (100 bar)	310.999 °C	310.999 °C

Full solver formulations and the list of standards we implement are on the methodology page.

About Steam Tables

Steam tables provide the thermodynamic properties of water and steam at various temperatures and pressures. They are essential for designing and analysing steam systems, boilers, turbines, heat exchangers, and piping networks.

Saturated Steam

Saturated steam exists at the boiling point for a given pressure. At saturation, liquid water and steam coexist. Key properties include the latent heat of vaporisation (h_fg) — the energy required to convert saturated liquid to saturated vapor without changing temperature.

Superheated Steam

Superheated steam is steam heated beyond its saturation temperature at a given pressure. It behaves more like a gas and is used in turbines and high-temperature processes. Superheated steam has higher enthalpy and entropy than saturated vapor at the same pressure.

IAPWS-IF97

This calculator implements the IAPWS-IF97 industrial formulation — the international standard for calculating the thermodynamic properties of water and steam. It covers Region 1 (subcooled liquid), Region 2 (superheated vapor), and Region 4 (saturation line), providing accuracy suitable for engineering calculations.

For pipe pressure drop calculations with steam, use our friction loss calculator. To size steam traps and condensate return lines, use the condensate load calculator. For complete pipe network simulation with steam systems, try SimuPipe.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is IAPWS-IF97?

IAPWS-IF97 is the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam's Industrial Formulation 1997. It is the international standard for calculating thermodynamic properties of water and steam (enthalpy, entropy, specific volume, etc.) as functions of temperature and pressure. This calculator implements IAPWS-IF97 for both saturated and superheated steam regions.

What is the difference between saturated and superheated steam?

Saturated steam is at the boiling point for its pressure — any heat removal causes condensation. Superheated steam has been heated beyond the saturation temperature at the same pressure, so it behaves more like a gas. Superheated steam has higher enthalpy and lower density than saturated steam at the same pressure. It is preferred for turbines and long-distance piping because it can lose some heat without condensing.

How do I find the enthalpy of steam at a given pressure?

Use the Saturated by Pressure mode and enter your pressure. The calculator returns both the liquid (hf) and vapor (hg) enthalpies. The difference (hfg) is the latent heat of vaporisation. For superheated steam, switch to Superheated and enter both pressure and temperature — the calculator returns the enthalpy at those conditions.

What is specific enthalpy and why does it matter?

Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) is the total energy content of steam per unit mass, including both internal energy and flow work (pressure x volume). It is the key property for energy balance calculations in boilers, heat exchangers, turbines, and steam traps. The difference in enthalpy between two states gives the heat transfer per kilogram of steam.

What happens at the critical point of water?

The critical point of water is at 373.95 °C and 220.64 bar (22.064 MPa). Above this point, there is no distinction between liquid and vapor — the fluid is a supercritical fluid. The latent heat of vaporisation drops to zero at the critical point. This calculator covers properties up to the critical point; supercritical conditions require different formulations.

How do I read a saturated steam table?

Find the row for your known condition — temperature in the by-temperature table, or pressure in the by-pressure table. Read across to get the saturated liquid enthalpy (h_f), the latent heat (h_fg), the saturated vapour enthalpy (h_g = h_f + h_fg), the entropies (s_f, s_g) and the specific volumes (v_f, v_g). For example, to size the heat needed to evaporate water at a given pressure, read h_fg directly from that pressure's row.

What units do these steam tables use?

By default: temperature in °C, pressure in bar (switchable to MPa, kPa, psi, or gauge units), enthalpy in kJ/kg, entropy in kJ/(kg·K), specific volume in m³/kg, and density in kg/m³. Use the unit selectors at the top to switch between SI and imperial units; the reference tables update accordingly.

Are these steam tables accurate enough for engineering design?

Yes. They implement IAPWS-IF97, the same industrial formulation used by commercial process-simulation and power-plant software. It is designed for fast, accurate property evaluation across the full steam range and reproduces the standard's verification values. For most boiler, turbine, heat-exchanger, and piping calculations it is more than sufficient; for custody-transfer or research-grade work, confirm against the specific edition of the standard your project requires.

What is the difference between gauge and absolute pressure in steam tables?

Steam tables are tabulated in absolute pressure. Gauge pressure (barg, psig) is measured relative to atmosphere, so absolute = gauge + ~1.013 bar at sea level. Always convert gauge readings to absolute before looking up properties — this calculator does it automatically when you select a gauge unit (bar(g), kPa(g), psi(g)).

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